How to integrate Google Sheets MCP with LlamaIndex

This guide walks you through connecting Google Sheets to LlamaIndex using the Composio tool router. By the end, you'll have a working Google Sheets agent that can add a new sheet named 'q3 sales', update all rows where status is 'pending', create a pie chart of expenses by category through natural language commands. This guide will help you understand how to give your LlamaIndex agent real control over a Google Sheets account through Composio's Google Sheets MCP server. Before we dive in, let's take a quick look at the key ideas and tools involved.

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Google Sheets is a cloud-based spreadsheet tool for real-time collaboration and data analysis. It lets teams work together from anywhere, updating information instantly.

42 Tools16 Triggers

Introduction

This guide walks you through connecting Google Sheets to LlamaIndex using the Composio tool router. By the end, you'll have a working Google Sheets agent that can add a new sheet named 'q3 sales', update all rows where status is 'pending', create a pie chart of expenses by category through natural language commands.

This guide will help you understand how to give your LlamaIndex agent real control over a Google Sheets account through Composio's Google Sheets MCP server.

Before we dive in, let's take a quick look at the key ideas and tools involved.

Also integrate Google Sheets with

TL;DR

Here's what you'll learn:
  • Set your OpenAI and Composio API keys
  • Install LlamaIndex and Composio packages
  • Create a Composio Tool Router session for Google Sheets
  • Connect LlamaIndex to the Google Sheets MCP server
  • Build a Google Sheets-powered agent using LlamaIndex
  • Interact with Google Sheets through natural language

What is LlamaIndex?

LlamaIndex is a data framework for building LLM applications. It provides tools for connecting LLMs to external data sources and services through agents and tools.

Key features include:

  • ReAct Agent: Reasoning and acting pattern for tool-using agents
  • MCP Tools: Native support for Model Context Protocol
  • Context Management: Maintain conversation context across interactions
  • Async Support: Built for async/await patterns

What is the Google Sheets MCP server, and what's possible with it?

The Google Sheets MCP server is an implementation of the Model Context Protocol that connects your AI agent and assistants like Claude, Cursor, etc directly to your Google Sheets account. It provides structured and secure access to your spreadsheets, so your agent can perform actions like creating new sheets, updating data, generating charts, and automating spreadsheet workflows on your behalf.

  • Spreadsheet creation and management: Instantly create new Google Sheets and add new worksheets (tabs) to existing spreadsheets whenever you need extra space or organization.
  • Bulk data reading and updating: Retrieve specific data ranges, aggregate column data, or update multiple rows and cells at once—perfect for reporting or syncing external data.
  • Automated chart generation: Direct your agent to build charts from selected data, making visualization and analysis faster and easier right inside your sheets.
  • Smart filtering and data cleanup: Have the agent clear filters, remove cell contents, or append rows and columns to keep your sheets tidy and up to date.
  • Dynamic data manipulation: Use advanced features like batch updates with data filters and aggregate operations to transform, filter, or summarize spreadsheet data efficiently.

What is the Composio tool router, and how does it fit here?

What is Composio SDK?

Composio's Composio SDK helps agents find the right tools for a task at runtime. You can plug in multiple toolkits (like Gmail, HubSpot, and GitHub), and the agent will identify the relevant app and action to complete multi-step workflows. This can reduce token usage and improve the reliability of tool calls. Read more here: Getting started with Composio SDK

The tool router generates a secure MCP URL that your agents can access to perform actions.

How the Composio SDK works

The Composio SDK follows a three-phase workflow:

  1. Discovery: Searches for tools matching your task and returns relevant toolkits with their details.
  2. Authentication: Checks for active connections. If missing, creates an auth config and returns a connection URL via Auth Link.
  3. Execution: Executes the action using the authenticated connection.

Step-by-step Guide

Step by step10 STEPS
1

Prerequisites

Before you begin, make sure you have:
  • Python 3.8/Node 16 or higher installed
  • A Composio account with the API key
  • An OpenAI API key
  • A Google Sheets account and project
  • Basic familiarity with async Python/Typescript
2

Getting API Keys for OpenAI, Composio, and Google Sheets

OpenAI API key (OPENAI_API_KEY)
  • Go to the OpenAI dashboard
  • Create an API key if you don't have one
  • Assign it to OPENAI_API_KEY in .env
Composio API key and user ID
  • Log into the Composio dashboard
  • Copy your API key from Settings
    • Use this as COMPOSIO_API_KEY
  • Pick a stable user identifier (email or ID)
    • Use this as COMPOSIO_USER_ID
3

Installing dependencies

npm install @composio/llamaindex @llamaindex/openai @llamaindex/tools @llamaindex/workflow dotenv

Create a new Typescript project and install the necessary dependencies:

  • @composio/llamaindex: Composio's LlamaIndex integration
  • @llamaindex/openai: OpenAI LLM integration
  • @llamaindex/tools: MCP client for LlamaIndex
  • @llamaindex/workflow: Workflow framework for LlamaIndex
  • dotenv: Environment variable management
4

Set environment variables

bash
OPENAI_API_KEY=your-openai-api-key
COMPOSIO_API_KEY=your-composio-api-key
COMPOSIO_USER_ID=your-user-id

Create a .env file in your project root:

These credentials will be used to:

  • Authenticate with OpenAI's GPT-5 model
  • Connect to Composio's Tool Router
  • Identify your Composio user session for Google Sheets access
5

Import modules

import "dotenv/config";
import readline from "node:readline/promises";
import { stdin as input, stdout as output } from "node:process";

import { Composio } from "@composio/core";

import { mcp } from "@llamaindex/tools";
import { agent as createAgent } from "@llamaindex/workflow";
import { openai } from "@llamaindex/openai";

dotenv.config();

Create a new file called google sheets_llamaindex_agent.ts and import the required modules:

Key imports:

  • dotenv.config loads .env at runtime
  • readline gives us a simple CLI chat loop
  • Composio is the main Composio SDK client
  • mcp connects to an MCP endpoint
  • createAgent builds a LlamaIndex agent
  • openai configures the LLM backend
6

Load environment variables and initialize Composio

const OPENAI_API_KEY = process.env.OPENAI_API_KEY;
const COMPOSIO_API_KEY = process.env.COMPOSIO_API_KEY;
const COMPOSIO_USER_ID = process.env.COMPOSIO_USER_ID;

if (!OPENAI_API_KEY) throw new Error("OPENAI_API_KEY is not set");
if (!COMPOSIO_API_KEY) throw new Error("COMPOSIO_API_KEY is not set");
if (!COMPOSIO_USER_ID) throw new Error("COMPOSIO_USER_ID is not set");

What's happening:

This ensures missing credentials cause early, clear errors before the agent attempts to initialise.

7

Create a Tool Router session and build the agent function

async function buildAgent() {

  console.log(`Initializing Composio client...${COMPOSIO_USER_ID!}...`);
  console.log(`COMPOSIO_USER_ID: ${COMPOSIO_USER_ID!}...`);

  const composio = new Composio({
    apiKey: COMPOSIO_API_KEY,
    provider: new LlamaindexProvider(),
  });

  const session = await composio.create(
    COMPOSIO_USER_ID!,
    {
      toolkits: ["googlesheets"],
    },
  );

  const mcpUrl = session.mcp.url;
  console.log(`Composio Tool Router MCP URL: ${mcpUrl}`);

  const server = mcp({
    url: mcpUrl,
    clientName: "composio_tool_router_with_llamaindex",
    requestInit: {
      headers: {
        "x-api-key": COMPOSIO_API_KEY!,
      },
    },
    // verbose: true,
  });

  const tools = await server.tools();

  const llm = openai({ apiKey: OPENAI_API_KEY, model: "gpt-5" });

  const agent = createAgent({
    name: "composio_tool_router_with_llamaindex",
        description : "An agent that uses Composio Tool Router MCP tools to perform actions.",
    systemPrompt:
      "You are a helpful assistant connected to Composio Tool Router."+
"Use the available tools to answer user queries and perform Google Sheets actions." ,
    llm,
    tools,
  });

  return agent;
}

What's happening here:

  • We create a Composio client using your API key and configure it with the LlamaIndex provider
  • We then create a tool router MCP session for your user, specifying the toolkits we want to use (in this case, google sheets)
  • The session returns an MCP HTTP endpoint URL that acts as a gateway to all your configured tools
  • LlamaIndex will connect to this endpoint to dynamically discover and use the available Google Sheets tools.
  • The MCP tools are mapped to LlamaIndex-compatible tools and plug them into the Agent.
8

Create an interactive chat loop

async function chatLoop(agent: ReturnType<typeof createAgent>) {
  const rl = readline.createInterface({ input, output });

  console.log("Type 'quit' or 'exit' to stop.");

  while (true) {
    let userInput: string;

    try {
      userInput = (await rl.question("\nYou: ")).trim();
    } catch {
      console.log("\nAgent: Bye!");
      break;
    }

    if (!userInput) {
      continue;
    }

    const lower = userInput.toLowerCase();
    if (lower === "quit" || lower === "exit") {
      console.log("Agent: Bye!");
      break;
    }

    try {
      process.stdout.write("Agent: ");

      const stream = agent.runStream(userInput);
      let finalResult: any = null;

      for await (const event of stream) {
        // The event.data contains the streamed content
        const data: any = event.data;

        // Check for streaming delta content
        if (data?.delta) {
          process.stdout.write(data.delta);
        }

        // Store final result for fallback
        if (data?.result || data?.message) {
          finalResult = data;
        }
      }

      // If no streaming happened, show the final result
      if (finalResult) {
        const answer =
          finalResult.result ??
          finalResult.message?.content ??
          finalResult.message ??
          "";
        if (answer && typeof answer === "string" && !answer.includes("[object")) {
          process.stdout.write(answer);
        }
      }

      console.log(); // New line after streaming completes
    } catch (err: any) {
      console.error("\nAgent error:", err?.message ?? err);
    }
  }

  rl.close();
}

What's happening:

  • We're creating a direct terminal interface to chat with Google Sheets
  • The LLM's responses are streamed to the CLI for faster interaction.
  • The agent uses context to maintain conversation history
  • The agent processes the request, selects appropriate Google Sheets tools, and returns a result
  • We extract the answer from the result data structure and display it to the user
  • You can type 'quit' or 'exit' to stop the chat loop gracefully
  • Agent responses and any errors are streamed in a clear, readable format
9

Define the main entry point

async function main() {
  try {
    const agent = await buildAgent();
    await chatLoop(agent);
  } catch (err) {
    console.error("Failed to start agent:", err);
    process.exit(1);
  }
}

main();

What's happening here:

  • We're orchestrating the entire application flow
  • The agent gets built with proper error handling
  • Then we kick off the interactive chat loop so you can start talking to Google Sheets
10

Run the agent

npx ts-node llamaindex-agent.ts

When prompted, authenticate and authorise your agent with Google Sheets, then start asking questions.

Complete Code

Here's the complete code to get you started with Google Sheets and LlamaIndex:

import "dotenv/config";
import readline from "node:readline/promises";
import { stdin as input, stdout as output } from "node:process";

import { Composio } from "@composio/core";
import { LlamaindexProvider } from "@composio/llamaindex";

import { mcp } from "@llamaindex/tools";
import { agent as createAgent } from "@llamaindex/workflow";
import { openai } from "@llamaindex/openai";

dotenv.config();

const OPENAI_API_KEY = process.env.OPENAI_API_KEY;
const COMPOSIO_API_KEY = process.env.COMPOSIO_API_KEY;
const COMPOSIO_USER_ID = process.env.COMPOSIO_USER_ID;

if (!OPENAI_API_KEY) {
    throw new Error("OPENAI_API_KEY is not set in the environment");
  }
if (!COMPOSIO_API_KEY) {
    throw new Error("COMPOSIO_API_KEY is not set in the environment");
  }
if (!COMPOSIO_USER_ID) {
    throw new Error("COMPOSIO_USER_ID is not set in the environment");
  }

async function buildAgent() {

  console.log(`Initializing Composio client...${COMPOSIO_USER_ID!}...`);
  console.log(`COMPOSIO_USER_ID: ${COMPOSIO_USER_ID!}...`);

  const composio = new Composio({
    apiKey: COMPOSIO_API_KEY,
    provider: new LlamaindexProvider(),
  });

  const session = await composio.create(
    COMPOSIO_USER_ID!,
    {
      toolkits: ["googlesheets"],
    },
  );

  const mcpUrl = session.mcp.url;
  console.log(`Composio Tool Router MCP URL: ${mcpUrl}`);

  const server = mcp({
    url: mcpUrl,
    clientName: "composio_tool_router_with_llamaindex",
    requestInit: {
      headers: {
        "x-api-key": COMPOSIO_API_KEY!,
      },
    },
    // verbose: true,
  });

  const tools = await server.tools();

  const llm = openai({ apiKey: OPENAI_API_KEY, model: "gpt-5" });

  const agent = createAgent({
    name: "composio_tool_router_with_llamaindex",
    description:
      "An agent that uses Composio Tool Router MCP tools to perform actions.",
    systemPrompt:
      "You are a helpful assistant connected to Composio Tool Router."+
"Use the available tools to answer user queries and perform Google Sheets actions." ,
    llm,
    tools,
  });

  return agent;
}

async function chatLoop(agent: ReturnType<typeof createAgent>) {
  const rl = readline.createInterface({ input, output });

  console.log("Type 'quit' or 'exit' to stop.");

  while (true) {
    let userInput: string;

    try {
      userInput = (await rl.question("\nYou: ")).trim();
    } catch {
      console.log("\nAgent: Bye!");
      break;
    }

    if (!userInput) {
      continue;
    }

    const lower = userInput.toLowerCase();
    if (lower === "quit" || lower === "exit") {
      console.log("Agent: Bye!");
      break;
    }

    try {
      process.stdout.write("Agent: ");

      const stream = agent.runStream(userInput);
      let finalResult: any = null;

      for await (const event of stream) {
        // The event.data contains the streamed content
        const data: any = event.data;

        // Check for streaming delta content
        if (data?.delta) {
          process.stdout.write(data.delta);
        }

        // Store final result for fallback
        if (data?.result || data?.message) {
          finalResult = data;
        }
      }

      // If no streaming happened, show the final result
      if (finalResult) {
        const answer =
          finalResult.result ??
          finalResult.message?.content ??
          finalResult.message ??
          "";
        if (answer && typeof answer === "string" && !answer.includes("[object")) {
          process.stdout.write(answer);
        }
      }

      console.log(); // New line after streaming completes
    } catch (err: any) {
      console.error("\nAgent error:", err?.message ?? err);
    }
  }

  rl.close();
}

async function main() {
  try {
    const agent = await buildAgent();
    await chatLoop(agent);
  } catch (err: any) {
    console.error("Failed to start agent:", err?.message ?? err);
    process.exit(1);
  }
}

main();

Conclusion

You've successfully connected Google Sheets to LlamaIndex through Composio's Tool Router MCP layer. Key takeaways:
  • Tool Router dynamically exposes Google Sheets tools through an MCP endpoint
  • LlamaIndex's ReActAgent handles reasoning and orchestration; Composio handles integrations
  • The agent becomes more capable without increasing prompt size
  • Async Python provides clean, efficient execution of agent workflows
You can easily extend this to other toolkits like Gmail, Notion, Stripe, GitHub, and more by adding them to the toolkits parameter.
TOOLS & TRIGGERS

Supported Tools and Triggers

Every Google Sheets action and event your agent gets out of the box.

Add Sheet to Existing Spreadsheet

Adds a new sheet to a spreadsheet.

Aggregate Column Data

Searches for rows where a specific column matches a value and performs mathematical operations on data from another column.

Append Dimension

Tool to append new rows or columns to a sheet, increasing its size.

Auto-Resize Rows or Columns

Auto-fit column widths or row heights for a dimension range using batchUpdate.

Batch Clear Values By Data Filter

Clears one or more ranges of values from a spreadsheet using data filters.

Batch get spreadsheet

Retrieves data from specified cell ranges in a Google Spreadsheet.

Batch Update Values by Data Filter

Tool to update values in ranges matching data filters.

Clear Basic Filter

Tool to clear the basic filter from a sheet.

Clear spreadsheet values

Clears cell content (preserving formatting and notes) from a specified A1 notation range in a Google Spreadsheet; the range must correspond to an existing sheet and cells.

Create Chart in Google Sheets

Create a chart in a Google Sheets spreadsheet using the specified data range and chart type.

Create a Google Sheet

Creates a new Google Spreadsheet in Google Drive.

Create spreadsheet column

Creates a new column in a Google Spreadsheet.

Create spreadsheet row

Inserts a new, empty row into a specified sheet of a Google Spreadsheet at a given index, optionally inheriting formatting from the row above.

Delete Chart from Google Sheets

Delete an existing chart from a Google Sheets spreadsheet.

Delete Dimension (Rows/Columns)

Tool to delete specified rows or columns from a sheet in a Google Spreadsheet.

Delete Sheet

Tool to delete a sheet (worksheet) from a spreadsheet.

Find and Replace in Spreadsheet

Tool to find and replace text in a Google Spreadsheet.

Format cell

Applies text and background cell formatting to a specified range in a Google Sheets worksheet.

Get conditional format rules

List conditional formatting rules for each sheet (or a selected sheet) in a normalized, easy-to-edit form.

Get Data Validation Rules

Tool to extract data validation rules from a Google Sheets spreadsheet.

Get sheet names

Lists all worksheet names from a specified Google Spreadsheet (which must exist), useful for discovering sheets before further operations.

Get Spreadsheet by Data Filter

Returns the spreadsheet at the given ID, filtered by the specified data filters.

Get spreadsheet info

Retrieves metadata for a Google Spreadsheet using its ID.

Insert Dimension in Google Sheet

Tool to insert new rows or columns into a sheet at a specified location.

Look up spreadsheet row

Finds the first row in a Google Spreadsheet where a cell's entire content exactly matches the query string, searching within a specified A1 notation range or the first sheet by default.

Mutate conditional format rules

Add, update, delete, or reorder conditional format rules on a Google Sheet.

Search Developer Metadata

Tool to search for developer metadata in a spreadsheet.

Search Spreadsheets

Search for Google Spreadsheets using various filters including name, content, date ranges, and more.

Set Basic Filter

Tool to set a basic filter on a sheet in a Google Spreadsheet.

Set Data Validation Rule

Tool to set or clear data validation rules (including dropdowns) on a range in Google Sheets.

Copy Sheet to Another Spreadsheet

Tool to copy a single sheet from a spreadsheet to another spreadsheet.

Append Values to Spreadsheet

Tool to append values to a spreadsheet.

Batch Clear Spreadsheet Values

Tool to clear one or more ranges of values from a spreadsheet.

Batch Get Spreadsheet Values by Data Filter

Tool to return one or more ranges of values from a spreadsheet that match the specified data filters.

Update Chart in Google Sheets

Update the specification of an existing chart in a Google Sheets spreadsheet.

Update Dimension Properties (Hide/Unhide & Resize)

Tool to hide/unhide rows or columns and set row heights or column widths.

Update Sheet Properties

Tool to update properties of a sheet (worksheet) within a Google Spreadsheet, such as its title, index, visibility, tab color, or grid properties.

Update Spreadsheet Properties

Tool to update SPREADSHEET-LEVEL properties such as the spreadsheet's title, locale, time zone, or auto-recalculation settings.

Batch update spreadsheet values

Tool to set values in one or more ranges of a spreadsheet.

Upsert Rows (Smart Update/Insert)

Upsert rows - update existing rows by key, append new ones.

Get spreadsheet values

Returns a range of values from a spreadsheet.

Update spreadsheet values

Tool to set values in a range of a Google Spreadsheet.

FAQ

Frequently asked questions

With a standalone Google Sheets MCP server, the agents and LLMs can only access a fixed set of Google Sheets tools tied to that server. However, with the Composio Tool Router, agents can dynamically load tools from Google Sheets and many other apps based on the task at hand, all through a single MCP endpoint.

Yes, you can. LlamaIndex fully supports MCP integration. You get structured tool calling, message history handling, and model orchestration while Tool Router takes care of discovering and serving the right Google Sheets tools.

Yes, absolutely. You can configure which Google Sheets scopes and actions are allowed when connecting your account to Composio. You can also bring your own OAuth credentials or API configuration so you keep full control over what the agent can do.

All sensitive data such as tokens, keys, and configuration is fully encrypted at rest and in transit. Composio is SOC 2 Type 2 compliant and follows strict security practices so your Google Sheets data and credentials are handled as safely as possible.

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